It is the set of genes taken from the Y chromosome that is transmitted to humans from the father only, by which the paternity line of each person can be determined. And it is also called a "haplogroup".

It is the examination by which the parental ancestry of the examiner can be known, and it is also called a Y haplogroup.

Each human's parental genetic lineage is the same as its Y-DNA or Y haplogroup.

Geneticists use letters (A,B,E,G,H,J,...) to differentiate between different Y-Haplogroups. Each letter refers to a different set of genetic traits which is passed solely along the patriline, from father to son, and which is called "Y-DNA" or "Y-Haplogroup".

Yes, to an extent, since each of the different patrilineal Y-Haplogroup represents an ancient ancestor that lived tens of thousands of years ago, and all those who carry this patrilineal Y-Haplogroup are inevitably the children of that ancestor.

Therefore, each population group is attributed to a particular ancient paternal ancestor carrying the same Y-Haplogroup.

It is scientifically proven that all living human beings are the children of one man and one woman who lived in North Africa more than 200000 years ago. Over the course of hundreds of thousands of years, their spread inside of Africa and outside of it forming different genetic groups in different parts of the world. Each group has developed its own distinctive genetic signature, based on the genetic changes it has gone through. Geneticists found that those genetic changes were highly based on the genes on the male Y-Chromosome (which are different from those found on the female chromosomes). So, they decided to call these genes the "Y-Haplogroup", or simply the "Haplogroup".

The father passes the "Y-DNA" to his son without any change, and it is passed unchanged from father, to son, to grandson, indefinitely

not at all, where it the father passes the "Y-DNA" to his son without any change. "Y-DNA" is not affected by interbreeding, and it is passed unchanged from father, to son, to grandson.

Yes, of course, since the beginning of the establishment of each paternal genetic line (Y-Haplogroup) was a process of evolution. Because Genetics has proved that all humans are the offspring of one man and one woman who lived in east Africa more than 200000 years ago. Over the course of hundreds of thousands of years, their offspring has spread forming different genetic groups in different parts of the world.

While the general rule is that a father bequeaths his genetic lineage (Y-DNA) to his son without a change, and the son bequeaths the same patrilineal genetic lineage to his son (grandson) without a change and so on without end, over time, a type of sub-mutation emerges under the same original patrilineal genetic lineage. Due to this mutation, other sub-lineages branch from each major patrilineal genetic lineage. Such sub-lineages are given codes for distinction from other genetic sub-lineages, so that each lineage represents an independent mutation under the same major patrilineal genetic lineage, and other sub-mutations branch over time from the sub-mutation and so on.

You will be able to know your paternal genetic lineage (Y-Haplogroup) that you inherited from your father and your father from his father down to the universal ancestor of humanity.

By uploading the results of your paternal DNA test to the DNA & US platform, you will not only be able to find out your paternal genetic code, but you will also be able to see a set of interesting and interesting reports about your paternal lineage, through which you will be able to understand your ancient history on the paternal line Just.

The foregoing will not be confined to the ancient history of your fathers, but this era will extend to our present time. Through this feature, you will learn about the story of your genetic dynasty since its inception, the place of its origin, the most important peoples and population groups that spread to them, whether in the past or at the present time. The ancient inhabitants are members of your paternal genetic lineage from the past and ancient civilizations, as well as the modern people of this lineage, and a lot of interesting information.

In this report, we review a set of general information about your paternal genetic lineage (Y-Haplogroup), which represents the old story of this Haplogroup, taking from the most important practical and specialized research in this field, and they are articles that can be developed and updated continuously.

In this report, we review an interactive map through which you will be able to view where your patrilineal genetic lineage emerged, and it is most likely to be the place where the original ancestor of your genetic lineage was born, and to see the migration line which your ancient ancestors followed thousands of years ago.

This map shows the old migration lines followed by the members of this genetic lineage thousands of years ago after its emergence. Due to the historical migration and movements, it is possible that the members of this lineage have left such places.

As for the places of population density, which refer to the locations of the members of this dynasty, they are automatically updated, so they are very close to the current places of residence of the members of this dynasty.

To view the places of people who share this lineage with you at the present time, please visit your (Y-DNA) Page, then click on the (Statistics) Button or visit the General Statistics on the homepage.

Currently, after thousands of years, there are many people who share the same patrilineal genetic lineage with you. Through this feature, you will be able to know the people and places of their expansion, and other information that will allow you to get deeper understanding of your patrilineal genetic lineage and its expansion at present.

Not necessarily, Your genetic lineage represents common ancestors who lived thousands of years ago and whose offspring procreated and expanded over years in different areas of the world.

Your share of the same genetic lineage with anyone decisively means that you meet in a common grandfather who represents the biological father of your genetic lineage and who lived in a period equal to the age of this genetic lineage. This means that a person who shares the same patrilineal genetic lineage with you is not necessarily a close patrilineal cousin.

We at DNA & US work to add the feature of genetic matches, through which you will be able to know your relatives in the same lineage, who meet with you in a patrilineal ancestor on the patrilineal line and whom you meet in a common ancestor who lived genealogical time-frame.

You can also narrow the scope of kinship by requesting to test the deep branch of the patrilineal genetic lineage (Deep Y). This service will allow you to know the positive users of the mutation, with whom you meet in a common ancestor who lived in a period equal to the age of this mutation.

This is normal, as there are no Haplogroups restricted to a particular ethnic population, in other words every ethnic population has several patrilineal Haplogroups.

The reason for this is that the age of these Haplogroups is estimated at tens of thousands of years, and because of the historical movement throughout these years, many waves of migrations occurred by the ancient population, accompanied by a kind of mixing and overlap among these peoples, which led to this dynastic diversity within the ethnic group the one.

However, you find that some Haplogroups constitute a noticeable majority in a particular ethnic groups, while their presence is slight or non-existent in another groups. Therefore, we advise you to review the statistics report to find out about contemporary ethnicities or ancient peoples in which your Haplogroup recorded a majority or prominent presence, and those that Your Haplogroup is not registered with it, which will help you to gain a deeper understanding about your Haplogroup and the sites of its spread, ancient and modern.

After your ancestors stationed at the ancient sites of your patrilineal genetic lineage and the areas of the first migration thousands of years ago, some members of this lineage began to migrate to other sites, either in the form of individual or semi-mass migration. While there are many contemporary people who carry your patrilineal genetic lineage, there are famous historical figures from ancient civilizations on your patrilineal genetic lineage.

Through this feature, you can learn about these figures and samples, visit their accounts, view some important and interesting information about them, and get a deeper understanding about historical figures and ancient people on your patrilineal genetic lineage.

Not necessarily, it represents your genetic lineage represents a common grandfather who lived thousands of years ago and whose offspring procreated and expanded over years in different areas of the world.

While there are many contemporary people who carry your patrilineal genetic lineage, there are famous historical figures or people from ancient civilizations on your patrilineal genetic lineage.

Your share of the same genetic lineage with anyone decisively means that you meet in a common grandfather who represents the biological father of your genetic lineage and who lived in a period equal to the age of this genetic lineage. Moreover, this means that a person who shares the same patrilineal genetic lineage with you is not necessarily a close patrilineal cousin.

Although the presence of a historical figure on your genetic lineage means that you both share a common ancestor who represents the biological father of this genetic lineage, which represents a very old genetic link in a patrilineal genetic lineage dating back to a period equal to the age of your genetic lineage, However, this report will not appear to you if your genetic genes link you to him more closely than that.

If you want to know whether this figure is genetically related to you more closely than that period, you can know by the ancient civilization testing, which will show you whether your genes are related to those of this figure more closely or not. If you have already taken this testing, you only have to visit and search in the results page.

You can also guess the time period in which you meet with figure by knowing the deep branch of your patrilineal genetic lineage (deep Y), taking into account that the sample of this historical figure includes the deep branch of your patrilineal genetic lineage (deep Y).

In the beginning, this is normal, as most haplogroups have ages estimated at tens of thousands of years, and due to historical events, waves of human migrations have occurred, accompanied by mixing and overlap among peoples, and this led to a diversity within each civilization in terms of genetic strains, and accordingly, the age of convergence in Between you and those characters may be up to tens of thousands of years.

This is on the one hand, and on the other hand, why do you think that you do not belong to the historical civilization to which that historical figure belongs?!

It may be possible that one of your ancient ancestors belongs to a civilization that you think is far from you, so we recommend that you take an ancient DNA test, through which you will find out whether that historical figure who is on the same haplogroup as you is genetically related to you closer than your age breed or not.

And also we advise you to review the statistics report to find out about contemporary ethnicities or ancient peoples in which your Haplogroup recorded a majority or prominent presence, and those that Your Haplogroup is not registered with it, which will help you to gain a deeper understanding about your Haplogroup and the sites of its spread, ancient and modern.

This question has been answered in detail in the ancient DNA Test FAQs section, so we recommend that you review this file.

Through this feature, you will be able to know all statistics of your Y haplogroup, such as the rate of expansion in every continent, country, or city, whether for contemporary or for historical samples, as well as the percentage of the prevalence of maternal lineages among those who carry this Y haplogroup, as well as the percentage of representation of this Y haplogroup among contemporary ethnic groups in detail, and the extent of its spread in ancient civilizations, and other statistics that will allow you to get a deeper understanding of your Y haplogroup.

This service is available to men only. The reason is that only males can identify their Y-DNA which they exclusively inherit from their fathers. Women do not inherit such genes from their fathers. So, any woman wishing to know her father's Y-DNA could ask her father, brother, or any male relative on the same patriline of her father to make the test.